司库奇尤单抗治疗中重度斑块状银屑病的近期疗效及安全性观察

【摘要】 目的 观察司库奇尤单抗治疗中重度斑块状银屑病的近期疗效及安全性。方法 2019年6 - 11月收集就诊于河南省人民医院皮肤科的中重度斑块状银屑病患者36例，给予司库奇尤单抗单药皮下注射治疗，300 mg/次，分别于基线、第1、2、3、4周注射1次，随后每4周1次，分别于第4、8、12周时记录患者银屑病皮损面积和严重度指数（PASI），观察药物不良反应。结果 36例患者均接受至少12周的治疗。4周时，8例达PASI75，其中3例达PASI90，1例达PASI100；8周时，26例达PASI75，其中16例达PASI90，4例达PASI100；12周时，32例达PASI75，其中26例达PASI90，8例达PASI100。所有患者均未发生严重感染或恶性肿瘤等严重药物不良反应，1例腹部皮下注射后出现腹痛、腹胀，持续3 d后症状消失；1例患者出现扁桃体炎，之后原有皮损处出现湿疹样改变；1例颈部出现化脓性淋巴结炎。结论 司库奇尤单抗治疗中重度斑块状银屑病疗效显著，不良反应较少，是中重度斑块状银屑病患者新的治疗选择之一。     

左氧氟沙星治疗复治肺结核患者疗效评价

目的讨论左氧氟沙星治疗复治肺结核患者疗效。方法本院截止2018年4月-2019年3月阶段内收治的80例复治肺结核患者作为本次研究的观察对象,并随机将其分为对照组(实施常规治疗:异烟肼+利福平+乙胺丁醇+链霉素+吡嗪酰胺)与研究组(对照组基础上加用左氧氟沙星),而后对两组患者接受不同治疗后临床疗效及不良反应比的进行评定,其中显效、有效及无效的评定标准以CT检查及痰涂片检测为依据。结果研究组患者合计疗效的97.50%明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.134 6,P=0.013 2),P <0.05;研究组患者发生不良反应机率的12.50%虽然低于对照组的22.50%,但是差异不大,P> 0.05。结论常规治疗基础上加用左氧氟沙星可有效提高复治肺结核病症的临床治疗效果。     

Antiretroviral therapy improves neurocognitive impairment in people living with HIV? A meta-analysis

ObjectivesAlthough effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been used for more than two decades, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains prevalent. Thus, whether ART can improve neurocognitive impairment is controversial. This review aims to explore the effects of ART on cognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in eight databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, and WanFang) to identify studies that compare cognitive function between study groups who are administered and not administered ART. We searched for articles published up to April 2019. Article evaluation and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers.ResultsSixteen articles (6,694 participants)—14 cross-sectional studies and 2 cohort studies—were included in this meta-analysis. The cross-sectional studies demonstrated that ART group did not perform better than the non-ART group (OR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.30). However, the cohort studies reported a significant improvement in cognitive function at three months (OR = 4.01; 95% CI, 2.35–6.85) and six months (OR = 9.24; 95% CI, 1.71–49.96) after ART initiation compared with the baseline data. No significant cognitive improvement was found in participants younger than 55 years old, but the two cross-sectional studies showed that ART may improve cognitive function in PLWH under 65 years old with poor physical condition and immune status.ConclusionsART could improve cognitive function in PLWH with poor physical condition and immune status, but it does not considerably improve cognition in the entire PLWH population.     

Working through the COVID-19 outbreak: Rapid review and recommendations for MSK and allied heath personnel

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the world to undergo unprecedented change in a short space of time. This disease has devastated the economy, infringed personal freedom, and has taken a toll on healthcare systems worldwide. This review aims to highlight aspects of this pandemic with a specific emphasis on musculoskeletal work within the secondary care setting.     

脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎病原学特征及其影响因素

目的观察脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎病原学特征,分析其影响因素,为未来脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎的早期预防、干预提供参考。方法回顾性收集2010年4月至2020年3月北京市和平里医院确诊并接受治疗的97例脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎作为肺炎组;同期131例脑卒中后遗症患者未发生肺炎作为无肺炎组;记录脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎的病原学特征,设计基线资料填写表,仔细查阅患者相关资料并记录研究所需基线资料,将可能的影响因素纳入,经单因素、多因素分析找出可能导致脑卒中后遗症患者并发肺炎的影响因素。结果脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎感染病原菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母菌为主,分别占31.96%、21.65%、15.46%;经单因素分析、后建立多元回归模型行多因素分析,结果显示,合并糖尿病、有鼻饲治疗史、预防性使用抗生素、预防性使用胃黏膜保护剂均是脑卒中患者并发肺炎的影响因素(OR=2.449、2.114、6.933、3.234,P<0.05)。结论肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母菌是脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎主要感染病原菌,而合并糖尿病、有鼻饲治疗史、预防性使用抗生素、预防性使用胃黏膜保护剂可能是脑卒中后遗症期患者并发肺炎的影响因素,临床应重视伴有上述风险因素的脑卒中后遗症期患者的早期肺炎预防,可能对降低肺炎发生率、改善患者预后意义重大。     

溃疡性结肠炎的分期治疗

溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是临床上常见的消化系统疑难病,治愈率低,易复发。研究证实,UC患者患结直肠癌、强迫症、恐慌症、抑郁症和焦虑症的概率较高,给生活带来了较大的困扰[1-2]。以往该病在北美和欧洲多见,近年来,我国UC的发病率呈上升趋势[3],但目前为止其确切的发病原因及机制尚不明确,因此治疗上只能控制急性发作,减缓疾病进程,减少并发症,使患者长期维持在缓解期,以提高生活质量,避免再次住院[4]。     

Assessment of antibacterial and antifungal potential of Curcuma longa and synthesized nanoparticles: A comparative study

Curcumin nanoparticles were most recently considered in medical research because of their antibacterial properties. The main objective of the study was to develop the green synthesis and antibacterial activity of curcumin nanoparticles using Curcuma longa. The processing of curcumin nanoparticles was carried out after the collection, identification, and extraction of curcumin. The effect of a sample on the synthesis of nanoparticles, such as curcumin aqueous concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml) and curcumin nanoparticles (5, 10, and 20 mg/ml), and the antibacterial effect of these nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the fungal strain Aspergillus niger. For examining antibacterial and anti-fungal activity disc diffusion method was performed, followed by the zone of inhibition. According to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis, nanoparticles have spherical shapes and size of 42.64 nm. Results showed that a high dose of 20 mg/ml curcumin nanoparticles have more antibacterial activity than curcumin extracts in E. coli as it showed the largest diameter of zone of inhibition as compared to other doses. Other bacterial and fungal strains also showed significant results but E. coli was most prominent. The biosynthesis of curcumin nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of C. longa is a clean, inexpensive, and safe method that has not been used any toxic substance and consequently does not have side effects. Since several pathogenic species have acquired antibiotic resistance, the combination of curcumin with various nanoparticles would be beneficial in the cure of pathogenic diseases.     

Single-dose combination nanovaccine induces both rapid and durable humoral immunity and toxin neutralizing antibody responses against Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, continues to be a prominent biological warfare and bioterrorism threat. Vaccination is likely to remain the most effective and user-friendly public health measure to counter this threat in the foreseeable future. The commercially available AVA BioThrax vaccine has a number of shortcomings where improvement would lead to a more practical and effective vaccine for use in the case of an exposure event. Identification of more effective adjuvants and novel delivery platforms is necessary to improve not only the effectiveness of the anthrax vaccine, but also enhance its shelf stability and ease-of-use. Polyanhydride particles have proven to be an effective platform at adjuvanting the vaccine-associated adaptive immune response as well as enhancing stability of encapsulated antigens. Another class of adjuvants, the STING pathway-targeting cyclic dinucleotides, have proven to be uniquely effective at inducing a beneficial inflammatory response that leads to the rapid induction of high titer antibodies post-vaccination capable of providing protection against bacterial pathogens. In this work, we evaluate the individual contributions of cyclic di-GMP (CDG), polyanhydride nanoparticles, and a combination thereof towards inducing neutralizing antibody (nAb) against the secreted protective antigen (PA) from B. anthracis. Our results show that the combination nanovaccine elicited rapid, high titer, and neutralizing IgG anti-PA antibody following single dose immunization that persisted for at least 108 DPI.